It is well known that human culture, social behavior and thinking cannot exist without language. Being a social and national identity, and a means of human communication, language cannot help bearing imprints of ethnic and cultural values as well as the norms of behavior of a given language community. The grammatical (morphological) categories are normally formed in any language as a result of long generalization of the concrete lexical material, the further abstracting of a certain semantic idea.

The composition of grammatical categories in different languages is different as every language “selects” those attributes of the word stock appropriate for it and this selection takes place for a long historic space of time. The grammatical system of any language is the most stable and the most slowly liable to changes part of the language structure. It is formed for many centuries and even millenniums, therefore the peculiarities of the national mentality and thinking cannot help reflecting in it.

They are conditioned by the social and political climated, cultural and ethical values characteristic of this or that nation. We suppose that it influences certain extralinguistic events. According to Malinovsky it is necessary to create a special discipline the aim of which would be to reveal the real nature of the grammatical categories proceding from the primitive attitude of Man to Reality.

Translation is definitely a complicated activity. Although much discussion has been held as to such question as it is science or art, whether theory in translation. It has been widely accepted that translation is an interdisciplinary practice, particularly related to the linguistic, so during 1960s and 1970s came the immensely influential linguistic turn in translation, which enriched translation study tremendously.  Theme and thematic structure of the clause and text play a fundamental role in producing the same SL discourse in TL. Theme as the point of departure of the message play a pivotal part not only in the text interpretation but also in implication derived from the text.

Theme in Other Languages and Translation

The most important point for source text thematic analysis is that the translator should be aware of the relative markedness of the thematic and information structure. Again, what is marked varies across languages. The former emphasizes that calquing a rigid English word order when translating into a VS language such as Spanish would produce a monotonous translation.

When we talk about the history of translation, we should think of the theories and names that emerged at its different periods. In fact, each era is characterized by specific changes in translation history, but these changes differ from one place to another. For example, the developments of translation in the western world are not the same as those in the Arab world, as each nation knew particular incidents that led to the birth of particular theories. So, what are the main changes that marked translation history in both the West and the Arab world?

Translation in the Western World

Actually, with the birth of translation studies and the increase of research in the domain, people started to get away from this story of Babel, and they began to look for specific dates and figures that mark the periods of translation history.

studies on translation became an important course in language teaching and learning at schools. What adds to its value is the creation of a variety of methods and models of translation. For instance, the grammar-translation method studies the grammatical rules and structures of foreign languages. The cultural model is also a witness for the development of translation studies in the period.

A good translator is someone who has a comprehensive knowledge of both source and target languages. Students should read different genres in both source and target languages including modern literature, contemporary prose, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, announcements, instructions, etc. Being familiar with all these genres is important, since they implicitly transfer culture-specific aspects of a language. Specialized readings are also suggested: reading recently published articles and journals on theoretical and practical aspects of translation. The articles will not only improve the students’ reading skill in general, but also give them insights which will subconsciously be applied when actually translating.

Nowadays is important the communication in this 21st century in order to be successful, that’s why people learn different languages, for a better communication. An important thing that can help you a lot is the fact of using translator because you can translate an unknown word while you’re reading, readers often have trouble because they identify the literal but incorrect meaning of a word when they should identify the way it was used in the passage. the context of text can help you to recognize the unknown word, and however you will guess the main idea of this paragraph, so that a best option to understand all well is by using translations.

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What is linguistic intelligence? Which special skills do linguistically intelligent individuals possess? How can one develop linguistic intelligence?

Howard Gardner said that human beings exhibit multiple intelligences. Human intelligence can be classified into seven types of intelligence. Based on the specific abilities that human beings possess, their intelligence can be categorized under one of those types on intelligence. The basic types of intelligence are linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal and intrapersonal. A person exhibiting a natural flair for music is musically intelligent, one with a flair for sports is said to possess a bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Those with a talent of transforming mental images into designs on paper have a spatial intelligence, while those with exceptional mathematical skills are believed to be having logical-mathematical intelligence. Those with an unusual awareness about their own capacities are intrapersonally intelligent, while those with social skills and a deep understanding about others are interpersonally intelligent.

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